61,574 research outputs found
Consumer Perception of Vegetables Resulting From Conventional Field or Greenhouse Agricultural Methods
This survey studies the way in which French consumers perceive fruits and vegetables, be they local, domestic or imported, resulting from conventional field or greenhouse agricultural methods, in terms of a health and hedonic, then a sustainability, point of view. The method employed, focus groups with individual questionnaires and the use of real-to-life scenarios, allows to get findings concerning the knowledge of the various cultivation methods, attitudes concerning these various methods, the role of information, to expose three representational profiles and, the results of the producer scenario, distributor scenario and consumer scenario study. On a general level, this study brings to light the negative image associated with greenhouse growers but consumer perception varies according to the representational profiles (Traditionalists, Spendthrifts and Responsible). ...French Abstract : Cette étude s'intéresse à la façon dont les consommateurs français perçoivent les fruits et légumes, locaux, nationaux ou importés, issus de l'agriculture conventionnelle ou de production sous serre, du point de vue de la santé, des aspects hédoniques et de la durabilité. Des focus groups complétés par des questionnaires individuels et par une étude de scénarios ont permis de mettre en évidence les niveaux de connaissance et les attitudes concernant les différentes méthodes de production, le rôle de l'information, de présenter trois profils de représentation et les réponses des consommateurs face aux scénarios producteur, distributeur et consommateur. De façon générale, cette étude montre que l'image associée à la production sous serre est négative, mais les perceptions varient selon les profils de représentations (Traditionalistes, Economes, Responsables).SUSTAINABILITY; CONSUMER; FOOD CONSUMPTION; SCENARIOS METHOD; FOCUS GROUPS; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION METHODS; DURABILITE; CONSOMMATEUR; CONSOMMATION ALIMENTAIRE; METHODE DES SCENARIOS; METHODES DE PRODUCTION AGRICOLES
Binary Black Holes in Dense Star Clusters: Exploring the Theoretical Uncertainties
Recent N-body simulations predict that large numbers of stellar black holes
(BHs) could remain bound to globular clusters (GCs) at present, and merging
BH--BH binaries are produced dynamically in significant numbers. We
systematically vary "standard" assumptions made by numerical simulations
related to, e.g., BH formation, stellar winds, binary properties of high-mass
stars, and IMF within existing uncertainties, and study the effects on the
evolution of the structural properties of GCs, and the BHs in GCs. We find that
variations in initial assumptions can set otherwise identical initial clusters
on completely different evolutionary paths, significantly affecting their
present observable properties, or even affecting the cluster's very survival to
the present. However, these changes usually do not affect the numbers or
properties of local BH--BH mergers. The only exception is that variations in
the assumed winds and IMF can change the masses and numbers of local BH--BH
mergers, respectively. All other variations (e.g., in initial binary properties
and binary fraction) leave the masses and numbers of locally merging BH--BH
binaries largely unchanged. This is in contrast to binary population synthesis
models for the field, where results are very sensitive to many uncertain
parameters in the initial binary properties and binary stellar-evolution
physics. We find that weak winds are required for producing GW150914-like
mergers from GCs at low redshifts. LVT151012 can be produced in GCs modeled
both with strong and weak winds. GW151226 is lower-mass than typical mergers
from GCs modeled with weak winds, but is similar to mergers from GCs modeled
with strong winds.Comment: 25 pages, 20 figures, 4 tables, ApJ in pres
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